Ransomware is not new, but has been a growing tool of choice of the cybercrime community in the last few years, capturing headlines for the widespread and brazen way they are able to be installed and holds the victim’s data hostage. From WannaCry to NotPetya and BadRabbit, and recent attacks on US-based Boeing manufacturing plant and the City of Atlanta, ransomware is showing its full might.
But little is being said about the business model behind these types of attacks. Ransomware and its larger family of distributed cybercrime has evolved, giving cybercriminals a more organized, sophisticated way to wreak havoc and make money. This business model is a way in which cybercriminals attack many victims in the same campaign. It is proving to be a costly, and a lethal nuisance in the right situation.
What is Distributed Cybercrime and Why does it Matter?
This commercialization of cybercrime is due to the lower barrier of entry, you don’t need massive computational power for brute force attacks or deep knowledge of cybersecurity or cryptography to be effective. Sample exploit code and easy–to–use tools are readily available on the dark web, and have the ability to generate a substantial revenue stream with little skill or effort. This has driven professional cybercriminals to develop malware that runs on professional platforms, uses pre-packaged distribution services and leverages knowledge of infection experts to attack the world. They don’t know who their victims are — nor do they care. It’s the perfect, automated, money-making machine for criminals, creating an ease of use and ROI that is too good to pass up.
- Attacks require less effort as they target “low-hanging fruit” (i.e., individuals or organizations with sub-par security)
- Attack skill level is low compared to techniques such as spear-phishing — regular ol’ phishing is good enough for weak targets
- Highly coveted zero–day vulnerabilities are no longer required for profitable attacks — mainstream CVE vulnerabilities with known exploits and existing patches will do, as many victims don’t patch regularly
- Any standard endpoint is a potential source of revenue, making complicated lateral movement toward the crown jewels irrelevant
- When you attack the world, the sky is the limit — the revenue potentials are endless
How exactly does would this type of cybercrime impact a manufacturing plant or other critical infrastructure? It doesn’t take much to dupe an unsuspecting victim and install the malware. A innocuous looking email or website visited by a staff member can be all it takes to compromise a facility in seconds. From consumers to manufacturers and critical operations like hospitals, transportation and other civil services— nobody seems immune from the ransomware threat.
Protecting Against Distributed Cyberattacks
Networked systems are complex and attackers have all the time in the world to study and understand them. Plant management doesn’t. Don’t assume the state–of–the–art security system in place for IT networks has visibility into operational technology that nonetheless is connected to it.
To safeguard against distributed as well as targeted attack, you need to have visibility of your entire attack surface, including IT and operational technology (OT) networks and know that baseline security standards are met throughout your organization. From that fundamental visibility, you can start to see your network like an attacker would, finding paths of least resistance so you can harden your defenses.
Organizations with OT networks also need to ensure they can detect vulnerabilities in these environments. Active scanning is prohibited in OT, so passive solutions are required. Vulnerability occurrence data should be analyzed in the complete context of the attack surface — the IT and OT network, security controls, potential business impacts and threat activity in the wild. Only with this context can you accurately prioritize vulnerabilities for remediation in OT networks where patching is carried out only when it’s an absolute must. Understanding network and security control context also provides non-patching mitigation options to isolate vulnerable assets until a patch can be deployed.
Visibility and intelligence are key to protecting against a commercialized threat landscape and threat actors who are increasingly turning their attention to critical infrastructure. But by addressing the underlying vulnerabilities and cyber hygiene issues on which these tools and attackers rely, you’ll have a strategic impact on your cyber attack readiness.
By: Ron Davidson, CTO & Vice President, R&D, Skybox Security
